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Hyperpigmentation

What is Hyperpigmentation?

Hyperpigmentation develops when the skin produces excess melanin, creating areas that appear darker than the surrounding skin. While the triggers differ, sun exposure, inflammation, and certain medications can affect all forms of discoloration. People often notice patches or spots ranging from light brown to deeper brown or black tones, and these changes can take an emotional toll when they persist or spread.

Because each type of hyperpigmentation has a different cause, an accurate diagnosis is essential for choosing the right treatment and preventing recurrence. With a tailored plan and consistent care, most patients see steady improvements in clarity, brightness, and overall skin uniformity.

Sun Spots (Lentigines)

Sun spots, also known as lentigines or age spots, develop from cumulative ultraviolet exposure over many years. These small, well-defined brown spots commonly appear on highly exposed areas like the face, hands, arms, and chest. Because UV exposure is the primary cause, patients often notice more spots developing with age or after periods of increased sun exposure.

Symptoms are generally limited to the visible spots themselves, which may range from light brown to dark brown depending on depth and skin tone. The spots do not change shape or size rapidly, but they may gradually darken with ongoing UV exposure. Since sun spots originate from long-term sun damage, they often coexist with other signs of photodamage, such as fine lines, rough texture, or loss of elasticity.

Preventing new sun spots requires consistent use of broad-spectrum sunscreen, along with minimizing UV exposure during peak hours. Protective clothing, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses help shield vulnerable areas

Portrait of a senior woman pondering life with a happy smirk

Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH)

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, often recognized as the dark spots left after acne, develops when the skin produces extra pigment as it heals from inflammation. It can follow breakouts, eczema flares, bug bites, burns, or cosmetic procedures, and is especially common in deeper skin tones where melanin activity is naturally stronger. These marks may appear red, brown, or black and often last longer than the original irritation, making PIH one of the most persistent forms of discoloration.

Improving PIH starts with calming inflammation and protecting the skin from further irritation. Dermatologists often use a combination of gentle resurfacing lasers, exfoliating treatments, and medical-grade topicals to fade pigment while supporting the skin barrier. Daily sunscreen is essential, since UV exposure can darken PIH and slow results. With a consistent plan tailored to your skin type, most patients see gradual, steady clearing of both acne-related dark spots and other inflammation-driven discoloration.

Close up of a young woman with acne on her cheek.

Melasma

Melasma appears as brown or gray brown patches on the cheeks, forehead, or upper lip and is usually symmetrical. It is strongly influenced by hormonal changes, including pregnancy, birth control, or menopause, and can darken with heat or sun exposure. These triggers make melasma persistent and prone to returning without a tailored plan that reduces inflammation and protects the skin barrier.

Management focuses on strict sun protection, physical barriers, and gentle treatments that fade pigment without causing irritation. Dermatologists often combine lasers with medical grade topicals such as hydroquinone, retinoids, or tranexamic acid to improve clarity. While melasma can be challenging, consistent care and a personalized plan typically lead to brighter, more even skin over time.

Skin problem, Closeup skin face asian women with spot melasma.

What to Expect: Your Treatment Journey

We prioritize a transparent process to ensure your treatment journey is comfortable and yields the best results.

Step 1: Consultation
Your VitalSkin dermatologist reviews your skin history, examines your pigmentation in detail, and explains which technologies and products are best suited to your goals.


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Step 2: Treatment Day
A topical numbing cream may be applied, then the chosen laser or light device is used in controlled passes. Most treatments take 15 to 30 minutes with brief sensations of warmth or light snaps.


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Step 3: Aftercare
Your dermatologist will outline recovery instructions, from gentle skincare to strict sun protection, so you know exactly how to care for your skin and protect your results.


Expert Aftercare

How Dermatologists Evaluate Your Hyperpigmentation

The process begins with an expert evaluation, which is vital because effective treatment hinges entirely on understanding the type and depth of your pigment.

A VitalSkin dermatologist will perform a thorough skin assessment, including a detailed history of when the spots appeared, any potential triggering events (like sun exposure or hormonal changes), and previous treatments you’ve tried.

We then use specialized lighting and magnification techniques to accurately determine if the pigment is located superficially (in the epidermis) or deeper (in the dermis). This precise assessment ensures the recommended treatment plan targets the pigment at the correct cellular depth for the best possible outcome.

Comprehensive Treatment Options at VitalSkin

Lasers deliver targeted light energy that shatters excess melanin within the skin, allowing the body to naturally clear the pigment. These are necessary for deeply seated or stubborn hyperpigmentation.

  • Fractional & Resurfacing Lasers (HALO®): The HALO® hybrid fractional laser treats texture and pigment simultaneously, offering powerful correction for challenging conditions like Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH).
  • Alexandrite Laser: This wavelength is highly effective for precision pigment removal and is used in our practice for specific, well-defined dark lesions.
Women-client-at-the-time-of-laser-skin-resurfacing

Light-Based Therapies (IPL/BBL)

Light-based treatments use broad-spectrum light, rather than a focused laser beam, to target pigment and improve overall skin clarity.

BBL (BroadBand Light) and IPL Photorejuvenation are non-invasive light treatments that are highly effective for correcting diffuse sun damage, general redness, and scattered sun spots by gently heating and treating the upper layers of the skin.

Other In-Office Procedures & Topical Solutions

Our dermatology team also offers several in-office procedures and topical solutions that work together to improve skin tone, texture, and visible pigmentation.

Sciton MicroLaser Peel and NanoLaser Peel treatments precisely remove the outermost layers of damaged skin, helping correct uneven texture and early signs of sun damage. Chemical peels and microdermabrasion provide deeper exfoliation, lifting surface pigment while creating better pathways for prescription skincare to absorb.

To support and maintain these results, medical-grade topicals like hydroquinone and retinoids are often incorporated. These solutions reduce new melanin production, enhance overall clarity, and help sustain a smoother, brighter complexion over time.

lady having Chemical Peels

 

Factors to Consider for Your Treatment

Fitzpatrick skin type plays a key role in determining the safest and most effective treatment approach. Darker skin tones require specific, conservative laser technologies, such as Pico-second devices, along with carefully adjusted settings to reduce the risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Your commitment to sun protection is equally important. Avoiding UV exposure after treatment is essential because even brief sun exposure can quickly cause pigment to return and undermine your results.

Hormonal control is also a factor. For patients dealing with melasma, underlying hormonal triggers must be addressed to support long-term success and prevent recurrence. Finally, the cost and series of treatments should be considered. Most pigment-correction plans involve multiple sessions, typically between three and six, to achieve optimal clearance. This influences both the overall timeline and financial investment required for effective results.

Where Can You Get Hyperpigmentation Treatment?

Hyperpigmentation is treated across several of our VitalSkin and affiliate locations, where patients have access to both cosmetic and medical options, including chemical peels, Hydrafacial, Dermasweep, superficial and medium-depth peels, laser resurfacing, photo rejuvenation, and prescription therapies. Because pigment concerns can stem from many causes, our providers tailor treatment plans to address everything from sun damage to melasma and post-inflammatory discoloration.

Care for hyperpigmentation is offered at select practices, including:

No matter which clinic you choose, you will receive a personalized plan designed to improve skin clarity and evenness over time safely.

Frequently Asked Questions About Hyperpigmentation

Can hyperpigmentation be cured permanently?

Hyperpigmentation is a chronic condition that can be effectively treated and managed, but not always permanently “cured.” Because it is easily triggered by sun exposure and hormonal changes, ongoing sun protection and maintenance treatments are essential to prevent recurrence.

Are laser treatments safe for all skin tones?

Modern laser and light-based technologies have been developed to safely and effectively treat a wide range of skin tones. However, darker skin tones require specific technology and conservative treatment plans to minimize the risk of Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH). Always consult with a board-certified dermatologist experienced in treating diverse skin types.

How many laser sessions for hyperpigmentation removal?

This depends on the severity and type of hyperpigmentation. Most patients require a series of treatments, often between 3 to 6 sessions, spaced 4 to 6 weeks apart, to achieve optimal results.

What is the difference between sun spots and Melasma?

Sun spots are caused solely by chronic sun exposure and appear as clearly defined spots. Melasma is a hormonal disorder that manifests as larger, symmetrical patches on the face. Melasma is typically deeper and more challenging to treat than sun spots.

Is there downtime after a hyperpigmentation treatment?

Downtime varies significantly based on the device used. Non-ablative light treatments like BBL have minimal downtime, while hybrid or ablative procedures like HALO® require more dedicated recovery time. Your doctor will provide full details during your consultation.

Related Treatments


Dermalinfusion Treatment

Similar to microdermabrasion, Dermalinfusion is an exfoliation treatment to create smoother, more youthful skin. Learn More

Expert Laser Resurfacing Treatment: Smooth & Refine Skin

Laser resurfacing is a dermatological procedure that uses lasers to smooth and refine the surface of the skin while also reinvigorating the layers of skin below. Learn More

Oral and Topical Medications Treatments

Dermatologists are experts in bacterial, viral and fungal infections in the skin and have a deep knowledge of how to best use antibiotics, antiviral and antifungal medications. Learn More

Photo Rejuvenation Treatment

Photofacials use IPL light treatment to affect and improve the appearance and condition of skin. Learn More

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